BaseTools/Source/C: take EXTRA_OPTFLAGS from the caller
    
    Allow the caller of the top-level makefile either to set EXTRA_OPTFLAGS in
    the environment or to pass EXTRA_OPTFLAGS as a macro definition on the
    command line. EXTRA_OPTFLAGS extends (and potentially overrides) default C
    compilation flags set in the makefiles.
    
    Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
    Cc: Yonghong Zhu <yonghong.zhu@intel.com>
    Ref: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1540244
    Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
    Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
    Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>