From a8683d35ab5799da0552dde878dff583176d39af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lukáš Růžička Date: Jun 15 2018 11:55:23 +0000 Subject: Restructure according to the PR comment. --- diff --git a/en-US/install/Preparing_for_Installation.adoc b/en-US/install/Preparing_for_Installation.adoc index 2e27117..a2a88a0 100644 --- a/en-US/install/Preparing_for_Installation.adoc +++ b/en-US/install/Preparing_for_Installation.adoc @@ -21,107 +21,12 @@ Manual Reinstallation:: You can upgrade to the latest version of Fedora manuall Always back up your data before performing an upgrade or reinstalling your system, no matter which method you choose. ==== -[[sect-preparing-obtaining-images]] -== Downloading Boot and Installation Images - -The Fedora Project offers different Editions tailored for some specific use cases. Choose the Fedora Edition best for you, or you can build your own by customizing after the installation, or by using a kickstart file as described in xref:../advanced/Kickstart_Installations.adoc#sect-kickstart-file-create[Creating a Kickstart File]. Kickstart installation requires the `netinstall` media type, or a direct installation booting method such as PXE; kickstarts are not supported with live images. - -Read more about Fedora Workstation, Fedora Cloud, Fedora Server and the available media types in xref:../Downloading_Fedora.adoc#chap-downloading-fedora[Downloading Fedora]. - -You can also choose a Fedora _Spin_ featuring favorite alternative desktops or tools for specialized tasks at link:++http://spins.fedoraproject.org++[]. - -[[sect-verifying-images]] -== Verifying the Downloaded Image - -Because transmission errors or other problems may corrupt the Fedora image you have downloaded, it is important to verify the file's integrity. After the images are created, an operation is performed on the file that produces a value called a `checksum` using a complex mathematical algorithm. The operation is sufficiently complex that *any change* to the original file will produce a different checksum. - -By calculating the image's `checksum` on your own computer and comparing it to the original `checksum`, you can verify the image has not been tampered with or corrupted. The original checksum values are provided at link:++https://fedoraproject.org/verify++[], and are [command]#gpg# signed to demonstrate their integrity. - -[[sect-verifying-windows]] -=== Verifying checksums on Windows systems - -. Download the Fedora image of your choice from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora++[] and the corresponding checksum file from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/verify++[] - -. Open a [command]#powershell# session. - -. Change to the directory containing the downloaded files. -+ -[subs="macros"] ----- -> cd $HOME\Downloads\ -> ls - -Directory: C:\Users\Pete\Downloads - -Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ----- ------------- ------ ---- --a--- 11/25/2014 12:39 PM 272 Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM --a--- 11/25/2014 12:39 PM 2047868928 Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso - ----- - -. Load the resources required to calculate the checksum. -+ ----- -> $image = "Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso" -> $checksum_file = "Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM" -> $sha256 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.sha256CryptoServiceProvider -> $expected_checksum = ((Get-Content $checksum_file | Select-String -Pattern $image) -split " ")[0].ToLower() ----- - -. Calculate the downloaded image's checksum. This will take a while! -+ ----- -> $download_checksum = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($sha256.ComputeHash([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("$PWD\$image"))).ToLower() -replace '-', '' ----- - -. Compare the calculated checksum to the expected checksum. -+ -[subs="macros"] ----- -> echo "Download Checksum: $download_checksum" -> echo "Expected Checksum: $expected_checksum" -> if ( $download_checksum -eq "$expected_checksum" ) { -echo "Checksum test passed!" -} else { -echo "Checksum test failed." -} ----- - -[[sect-verifying-nix]] -=== Verifying checksums on Linux and OSX systems - -. Download the Fedora image of your choice from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora++[] and the corresponding checksum file from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/verify++[] - -. Open a terminal window, and navigate to the directory with the downloaded files. -+ -[subs="quotes, macros, attributes"] ----- -$ [command]#cd ~/Downloads# ----- - -. Use the appropriate utility to verify the image checksum. -+ -** For Linux: -+ -[subs="macros, attributes"] ----- -$ sha256sum -c *CHECKSUM ----- -+ -** For OSX: -+ -[subs="macros, attributes"] ----- -$ shasum -a 256 -c *CHECKSUM ----- - [[sect-preparing-boot-media]] == Preparing Boot Media Fedora images are `Hybrid ISOs` and can be used to create installation media with both optical and USB disks, for booting on both BIOS and UEFI systems. -=== Fedora Media Writer and Universal USB Creators +=== Fedora Media Writer [application]*Fedora Media Writer* has been significantly improved and is now the official, tested and supported way to make bootable media. [application]*Fedora Media Writer* supports Linux, Mac, and Windows. It is an easy way to make bootable USB media to install Fedora (or other operating systems). Using [application]*Fedora Media Writer* is strongly encouraged, although other USB media creation software can work as well. @@ -225,15 +130,123 @@ image::fedora_media_writer/automatic_download.png[Image of Fedora Media Writer A . Plug in a USB drive on which you want to create the bootable media. -. To write the image onto the media, click the red _Write to disk_ button. +. To write the image onto the media, click the red btn:[Write to disk] button. + [[figu-fedora_media_writer_write_to_device_linux]] .Fedora Media Writer Write to USB Device + image::fedora_media_writer/write_to_device.png[Image of Fedora Media Writer write to device red button] +=== Other methods to create a live USB + +Using the *Fedora Media Writer* is highly recommended for everybody, because it offers a reliable way to create a live USB stick for Fedora installation. + +However, some experienced users may prefer to go through the creation process manually. If you decide to do so, you have to download the installation images and use an application to write them onto the USB stick. + +[NOTE] +==== +If you have downloaded and verified the installation images manually, you still can write them onto the USB stick using *Fedora Media Writer*. +==== + + +[[sect-preparing-obtaining-images]] +==== Downloading Boot and Installation Images + +The Fedora Project offers different Editions tailored for some specific use cases. Choose the Fedora Edition best for you, or you can build your own by customizing after the installation, or by using a kickstart file as described in xref:../advanced/Kickstart_Installations.adoc#sect-kickstart-file-create[Creating a Kickstart File]. Kickstart installation requires the `netinstall` media type, or a direct installation booting method such as PXE; kickstarts are not supported with live images. + +Read more about Fedora Workstation, Fedora Cloud, Fedora Server and the available media types in xref:../Downloading_Fedora.adoc#chap-downloading-fedora[Downloading Fedora]. + +You can also choose a Fedora _Spin_ featuring favorite alternative desktops or tools for specialized tasks at link:++http://spins.fedoraproject.org++[]. + +[[sect-verifying-images]] +==== Verifying the Downloaded Image + +Because transmission errors or other problems may corrupt the Fedora image you have downloaded, it is important to verify the file's integrity. After the images are created, an operation is performed on the file that produces a value called a `checksum` using a complex mathematical algorithm. The operation is sufficiently complex that *any change* to the original file will produce a different checksum. + +By calculating the image's `checksum` on your own computer and comparing it to the original `checksum`, you can verify the image has not been tampered with or corrupted. The original checksum values are provided at link:++https://fedoraproject.org/verify++[], and are [command]#gpg# signed to demonstrate their integrity. + +[[sect-verifying-windows]] +==== Verifying checksums on Windows systems + +. Download the Fedora image of your choice from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora++[] and the corresponding checksum file from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/verify++[] + +. Open a [command]#powershell# session. + +. Change to the directory containing the downloaded files. ++ +[subs="macros"] +---- +> cd $HOME\Downloads\ +> ls + +Directory: C:\Users\Pete\Downloads + +Mode LastWriteTime Length Name +---- ------------- ------ ---- +-a--- 11/25/2014 12:39 PM 272 Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM +-a--- 11/25/2014 12:39 PM 2047868928 Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso + +---- + +. Load the resources required to calculate the checksum. ++ +---- +> $image = "Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso" +> $checksum_file = "Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM" +> $sha256 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.sha256CryptoServiceProvider +> $expected_checksum = ((Get-Content $checksum_file | Select-String -Pattern $image) -split " ")[0].ToLower() +---- + +. Calculate the downloaded image's checksum. This will take a while! ++ +---- +> $download_checksum = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($sha256.ComputeHash([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("$PWD\$image"))).ToLower() -replace '-', '' +---- + +. Compare the calculated checksum to the expected checksum. ++ +[subs="macros"] +---- +> echo "Download Checksum: $download_checksum" +> echo "Expected Checksum: $expected_checksum" +> if ( $download_checksum -eq "$expected_checksum" ) { +echo "Checksum test passed!" +} else { +echo "Checksum test failed." +} +---- + +[[sect-verifying-nix]] +==== Verifying checksums on Linux and OSX systems + +. Download the Fedora image of your choice from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora++[] and the corresponding checksum file from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/verify++[] + +. Open a terminal window, and navigate to the directory with the downloaded files. ++ +[subs="quotes, macros, attributes"] +---- +$ [command]#cd ~/Downloads# +---- + +. Use the appropriate utility to verify the image checksum. ++ +** For Linux: ++ +[subs="macros, attributes"] +---- +$ sha256sum -c *CHECKSUM +---- ++ +** For OSX: ++ +[subs="macros, attributes"] +---- +$ shasum -a 256 -c *CHECKSUM +---- + +=== Writing the images to USB media -=== Creating USB media with [application]*GNOME Disks* +==== Creating USB media with [application]*GNOME Disks* . On a system with [application]*GNOME*, or with the [package]*gnome-disk-utility* package installed, open `Disks` using the system menu. . Click your USB device in the left column. @@ -242,7 +255,7 @@ image::fedora_media_writer/write_to_device.png[Image of Fedora Media Writer writ . Navigate to your image file and click `Start Restoring`. After a few minutes, it will report the process is complete and your installation media will be ready to use. -=== Creating USB Media on the Linux command line +==== Creating USB Media on the Linux command line . Open a terminal window and insert the usb drive. . Find the `device node` assigned to the drive. In the example below, the drive is given `sdd`.