#39 Completed Beta on SBC installation
Merged 3 years ago by pboy. Opened 3 years ago by pboy.
pboy/fedora-server main  into  main

@@ -11,46 +11,29 @@ 

  Author: Peter Boy (pboy) | Creation Date: 2021-05-25 | Last update: 2021-05-25 | Related Fedora Version(s): 34

  ****

  

- Fedora Server is also available for Single Board Computers (SBC) like the legendary Raspberry Pi. That device started some years ago primarily as an experimentation and education tool. 

+ Fedora Server is also available for Single Board Computers (SBC) like the legendary Raspberry Pi. Once started as an  experimentation and education tool, the technology evolved into an affordable but sufficiently powerful tool for many task of everyday life.  

  

- Fedora Server Edition on such a DIY device?

+ SBC Fedora Server Edition takes advantage of the power available on SBC today to install a dedicated modern, solid server system. In the end Fedora Server works on application level exactly as otherwise familiar.

  

- The technology evolved over the years into an affordable but sufficiently powerful tool for many task of everyday life. It ignited a new business field for many hardware makers, all of which, while keeping the basic concept, take the Raspberry Pi as a reference to surpass. This resulted in a rich variety of variants that is difficult to keep track of. They follow the same basic principle, but _differ in many, sometimes significant details_ regarding software support, installation and maintenance. 

+ == How it works

  

- While the installation procedure is completely different from the standard Anaconda installation, in the end Fedora Server works on application level exactly as otherwise familiar. 

+ Single board computers originally had only one data storage medium, an SD card. And they were designed to boot directly from that SD card. That original principle is still basically maintained today. The device expects a ready-to-use operating system, configured precisely for the respective hardware. 

  

+ Fedora distributes a generic Fedora Server Edition image, preconfigured for Raspberry Pi. Additionally, it provides a utility to transfer the image to the prospective boot medium, usually an SD card. Furthermore, the transfer program can reconfigure the image for an alternative SBC model. Optionally, it can also make some adjustments to the initial configuration.

  [WARNING]

  ====

- When choosing a device for Fedora Server, check carefully if it is actually supported. Some of the newer models claim to support Linux as operating system. In fact, to even boot, they require proprietary, closed software that Fedora cannot and will not distribute. They only run with a special Linux version customized by the manufacturer. Take everything with a grain of salt. Unlike the x86 universe, don't expect everything to work just as smoothly in ARM rsp. aarch64. It is best to ask in advance on the arm mailing list.

+ When choosing a device for Fedora Server, check carefully if it is actually supported by Fedora. Nearly all models claim to support Linux as operating system. In fact, to even boot, they require proprietary software that Fedora cannot and will not distribute. They only run with a special Linux version customized by the manufacturer. Even if a board is basically supported, advanced features, e.g. PCIe od SATA interface, may not work. Take everything with a grain of salt. Unlike the x86 universe, don't expect everything to work just as smoothly in ARM rsp. aarch64. It is best to ask in advance on the arm mailing list.

  ====

  

- == Why using Single Board Computer Server?

- 

- Certainly, most prominent and well-known features are favorable price, low power consumption, and small footprint. 

- 

- But it's not just pure affordability in several respects. The devices now offer a performance that is suitable for many typical tasks in the Soho area. Examples include mail, web, file servers, e-book or document library, media servers and more. And not only in the domestic sector, but also for smaller office environments. They can thus replace the popular NAS devices while offering significantly more performance and greater adaptability and flexibility - reduced costs rather as a side effect.

- 

- However, those properties also open up additional opportunities. 

- 

- Fedora Server works identically on the architectures at the application level. Standard software such as Postgresql database server or file server are available. Other software such as Java or Python applications run on both architectures. This opens up the possibility of building up redundancy with little effort. In the event of a malfunction of the (main) server, there is no threat of a complete shutdown, but operation with restrictions is possible. 

- 

- Critical services such as monitor software can be offloaded to a dedicated device and immunized against server-level failures.

- 

- A closer look opens up a multitude of possibilities.

- 

- == How it works

- 

- Single board computers originally had only one data storage medium, an SD card. And they were designed to boot directly from that SD card. There was no opportunity to boot from one medium and install to another. That original principle is still basically maintained today. The device expects a ready-to-use operating system, configured precisely for the respective hardware. The default boot medium is still an SD card, although many devices now offer eMMC, sometimes USB or even a SATA or NMVe hard disk as an alternative.

- 

- Fedora distributes a generic Fedora Server Edition image, preconfigured for Raspberry Pi. Additionally, it provides a utility to transfer the image to the prospective boot medium, usually an SD card. Furthermore, the transfer program can reconfigure the image for an alternative SBC. Optionally, it can also make some adjustments to the initial configuration.

- 

  == Special considerations: Organization of the storage area

  

- Fedora Server Edition creates by default a small /boot partition, used by grub2 bootloader and data needed during the initial boot phase, and in case of an uefi system an efi partition. It fills the remaining area with another partition and one volume group (VG) created therein. In that Volume Group, a logical volume of approx. 15 GB (the exact value depends on the disk capacity) is created for the operating system and its software. The other available space remains free for the creation of logical volumes (LVs) for user data, which are to be mounted at the appropriate positions in the directory tree of the system area.

+ Fedora on SBC hardware uses UEFI as boot system. This distinguishes Fedora from other, less ambitious distributions. It follows the same configuration principles as on fullblown Server Hardware.

+ 

+ SBC Fedora Server Edition first creates an efi partition and a small /boot partition, used by grub2 bootloader. Thereafter, it creates another partition including one volume group (VG), which provides a logical volume with XFS file system for the operating system and its software. Just as on any other system. The size of the root volume is limited, on fullblown hardware about 15 GB depending on the disk size. The rest is left free for other logical volumes that are to hold user data.

  

  The rationale behind this is a separation of system and user data. This should ease system administration, increase security, and decrease error-proneness. The system area, i.e. the operating system including installed utility programs and software must be maintainable completely independently of the storage of user data. System maintenance must not jeopardise user data under any circumstances. If necessary, it must be possible to unmount user data.

  

- In the world of SBCs, all available space is usually allocated to a single (root) file system. Initially, the available storage media were also comparatively small. Any further segmentation would be impractical. Accordingly, the Fedora file system image does not provide for any segmentation. The transfer program that installs this image on a disk provides an option to fit the image to the available space, also without a differentiation option. 

+ Fedora Server Edition implements this principle, which originated in professional IT, on SBCs as well. For practical reasons, the deliverable is limited to just under 8 GB in total. This means that the download file is not excessively large and can be installed even on the smallest SD cards currently available. During or after installation, the size is adjusted to the existing hardware.

  

  For sure, disk organization is an issue where hardly 2 system administrations agree on. As a rule of thumb, segmentation is not appropriate for a disk of 16gb or less. At a size of 32gb, it would be worth considering if it is a serious use with data of some relevance. For even larger volumes and serious use, it is definitely something to consider. 

  
@@ -174,7 +157,7 @@ 

  […]# arm-image-installer --image=Fedora-Server-34-1.2.aarch64.raw.xz --target=rpi4 --media=/dev/mmcblk0 

  ----

  +

- Just in case you already decided to fill the complete space on disk with the root file system, you may add the --resizefs parameter which would result in an _alternative command line_:

+ Just in case you already decided to fill the complete space on disk with the root file system and to dispense with segmentation, you may add the --resizefs parameter which would result in an _alternative command line_:

  +

  [source,bash]

  ----
@@ -195,7 +178,7 @@ 

  

  === Basic Installation

  

- Directly at a terminal of the Raspberry Pi we will make only the minimal, absolutely necessary configuration. This is the setting of a root password and the determination of the IP address. Everything else is done comfortably on our desktop. 

+ Directly at a terminal of the SBC we will make only the minimal, absolutely necessary configuration. This is the setting of a root password and the determination of the IP address. Everything else is done comfortably on our desktop. 

  

  1. Make sure that the Raspberry Pi is disconnected from power. 

  2. Connect monitor, keyboard and network cable, insert the micro SD card.
@@ -205,7 +188,7 @@ 

  +

  [IMPORTANT]

  ====

- Always complete this step and close with 'c'. Otherwise this installation routine can again and again conflict with the subsequent configuration.

+ Always complete this step and close with 'c'. Otherwise this installation routine can on reboot again and again conflict with the subsequent configuration.

  ====

  6. Above the user input, a line with the (temporary) name of the computer and an IP address is displayed. The name is normally "fedora" and the IP address depends on the network. Note both carefully.

  7. You can now disconnect monitor and keyboard. The next steps all happen on the desktop.

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Pull-Request has been merged by pboy

3 years ago
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