From 0c7803eaa568fbd65a609ce5f246c0cce4665fb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Eduard Alexander Lucena Mendoza Date: Mar 22 2017 20:03:39 +0000 Subject: Adding Spanish folder and 01 ch fully translated --- diff --git a/es-VE/01-introduction.adoc b/es-VE/01-introduction.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a85018 --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/01-introduction.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +== Introduction + +Entonces, has decidido instalar el sistema operativo Fedora en tu estación de trabajo, escritorio, laptop, netbook... u otro tipo de computador. ¿Cómo deberías proceder? ¿Cúales son los beneficios de Fedora comparado con otros sistemas operativos? ¿Cómo obtenerlo e instalarlo? ¿Cómo lo ajustas a tu gusto y tus necesidades? En esta guía examinaremos cada una de estas preguntas, paso a paso. diff --git a/es-VE/02-what-is-fedora-about.adoc b/es-VE/02-what-is-fedora-about.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a78f141 --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/02-what-is-fedora-about.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +== What is Fedora about +=== Who is it for? + +Fedora is available in several different editions. Editions are targeted to different kinds of users. The Fedora _Workstation_ edition is designed for users who use computers primarily to create everything from engineering style work, such as software, to creative work, such as art, music and literature. It features the{nbsp}_GNOME{nbsp}3_ environment and a variety of applications, such as, developer tools, like the newly released _Builder_, apps for virtualization, such as, (_Boxes_), container management tools, such as, (_Docker_), and more. Does this mean that Fedora is only for developers and engineers? No, Fedora is also great for multimedia tasks such as video editing, using tools like (_PiTiVi_), or for graphics and image editing using tools such as (_GIMP_)for bitmaps and (_Inkscape_) for vector graphics. In a sense, Fedora is a better operating system for an average user than it ever was. + +=== Open Source and Free + +Open source software is software that has made its source code available for distribution, modification, and use for any purpose. Fedora doesn't include software that can't be reviewed at the source code level. Fedora has been created and maintained for over 10 years by a community of professional developers and volunteers who are passionate about open source software. It has always included and will include only open source software. + +However, this doesn't prevent you from installing any software you want, even non-open source software. Do you want a non-open source application, such as _Google Chrome_? You can easily install it. But, even without 3rd-party and non-open source software, you'll find more then 20 thousand packages for Fedora which represent various apps, extensions, and libraries. You'll also be happy to discover that many of these open source programs are not just alternatives, they are often better or more powerful than their closed source cousins. For more information, (see the _Installing new software_ chapter). + +It's not just about open source. Fedora is also passionate about freedom in the form of software licenses and patents. Fedora respects software patent law (even though it may not be relevant in some parts of the world). You can be sure that you are not breaking laws by using Fedora. + +=== Security and Privacy + +Fedora development prioritizes security and includes clear rules to ensure that it remains a focus. Fedora is tested, like any other significant software product. Moreover, Fedora is the base for Red{nbsp}Hat{nbsp}Enterprise{nbsp}Linux, a commercially supported operating system offerred by Red{nbsp}Hat. Red{nbsp}Hat employs a lot of developers, many who are involved in the Fedora Project, and owns Fedora trademarks. + +Fedora community support lasts for two release cycles plus one month. Currently Fedora releases a new version every 6 months, meaning each version is supported for 13 months. Fedora community support includes security fixes and kernel updates. This last one is significant because new kernels mean improved and new hardware support. This is a big advantage of using Fedora. + +The Fedora community carefully selects the software to include in the operating system and is concerned about privacy. Therefore, Fedora doesn't include any programs that send any sensitive data without your permission. Fedora doesn't spy on you, it respects your privacy. + +=== Leading the Way + +Fedora integrates a lot of new software and is often the first (or one of the first) operating systems to adopt new technology. Fedora is very often where new technologies are being developed and tested. Open source software is about collaboration and people who are involved in the Fedora Project are very often active in other projects, too. They don't wait until someone else develop software so they can include it in Fedora. Instead they actively participate in project's development and collaborate with participants from other Linux operating systems or independent developers. It's common that such software goes on to become the de facto standard of the Linux world. Fedora users keep fingers on the pulse of innovation and change and are ahead of others. This is why it is easy to say that Fedora is progressive, innovative, and leading the way. diff --git a/es-VE/03-how-to-get-fedora.adoc b/es-VE/03-how-to-get-fedora.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..218e56e --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/03-how-to-get-fedora.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +== How to Get Fedora? +=== Try and Install + +It is possible to install Fedora from optical media (CD, DVD), a USB flash drive, or over the network. This is accomplished by accessing an installation image. Installation images of _Fedora{nbsp}Workstation_ are available for download in ISO format at link:http://getfedora.org[getfedora.org]. _Fedora Workstation_ defaults to a 64bit operating system download as that is what is best for most users. + +If you aren't ready to install yet and want to try it first, there is a way to do so without losing or changing anything already on your PC. This is done by using a live image which allows you to boot to a fully fuctional system and find out what Fedora is like, experiment, and determine whether it fully supports your PC's hardware. + +To run _Fedora Workstation_ reasonably it is recommend that you have at least a 1GHz processor, 2 GiB of memory, 10 GiB of hard drive space, and a graphics card that supports hardware acceleration. These aren't the minimum requirements, but they are the best for most users. Some users may wish to run Fedora on lower powered machines and will find it performs well there too. + +==== Creating Install Media + +If you're going need to create installation media, the following options may be helpful: + +* _USB Installation_ - To create a USB installation drive, you can use the _Fedora Media Writer_. It can run on _MS Windows_, _Apple macOS_ or Linux. Beware, this program will erase all the data on the flash drive! _Fedora Media Writer_ can download the installation image for you when you run it. If you're using _MS Windows_ or _Apple macOS_, the installation file of the app is what you'll be offered when you decide to download _Fedora Workstation_ at link:https://getfedora.org. ++ +_GNOME and Disks_ - If you already use a Linux operating system (with the GNOME desktop environment), you can use built-in software to write a USB drive. In the _Files_ app, you can right-click an ISO image, choose "`Open in a different app`" and then choose "`Write on disk`". This will open the _Disks_ utility which will write the image on to a flash drive. ++ +If you decide to write the install image on to a USB flash drive, you should carefully double-check that you've picked the correct target drive. If you're doing this on _MS Windows_, you need to pick the character that has been assigned to the drive you'd like to use (typically this will be `D:` or `E:`). On Linux, you need to do the same using the device(typically this is will be `/dev/sdX` where `X` is a character). The easiest and safest way to find do this is on Linux is to use the _Disks_ utility mentioned above. + +* _DVD Installation_ - A _DVD_ is a very traditional way of installing Fedora. You can create an installation DVD by writing an ISO image to a DVD. Most modern operating systems can do this operation with built-in software. If not, you can install a specialized application such as _Brasero_ on Linux and _ImgBurn_ on _MS Windows_. All versions of _Apple macOS_ can write DVDs using _Finder_ and _Disk Utility_. + +=== Installing Fedora + +1. _Booting_ -- no matter what media you've chosen, you'll need to make sure that you set the right boot sequence in the BIOS of the computer you'd like to install Fedora on. The drive with the install media needs to be in the first position. You can get to the BIOS configuration by pressing a specific key after starting the computer. The key depends on the vendor (typically the keys are kbd:[Delete], kbd:[F1], or {nbsp}kbd:[F2]). Alternately, many vendors allow you to choose a boot drive without having to go to the BIOS settings by pressing the kbd:[F12] key. ++ +.Booted install media of Fedora +image::img/instalator-a.png[width=500] + +2. _Initial Screen_ -- after successful booting you'll see the initial screen where you can choose between installing Fedora (or booting into the live system) and verifying the install media. If you choose installation, you'll boot into the live system and will be asked if you want to try the system out or install it on the hard drive. If you choose to "Try Fedora" you can use it in this way for as long as you want and can choose to perform an installation at any time by clicking on the installer icon in the menu. ++ +.Fedora Installer +image::img/instalator-b.png[width=500] + +3. _Trying the System_ -- if you've chosen to try the system, you'll begin using the _GNOME{nbsp}Shell_. The top of the display contains the most commonly used control elements. There is an _Activities_ button in the upper left corner which will get you to applications (and to the option to install Fedora on your system). The upper right corner has controls that allow you to set up the network, restart or shutdown the system. + +4. _Installer_ -- once you decide to install Fedora, you'll being using the helpful installation system, Anaconda. The insaller consists of different spokes that manage the options for areas such as language settings, time zone, etc. The disk partitioning spoke is the most important part of the intaller. This spoke will define where on your hard drive Fedora will be installed. The installer offers you automatic partitioning which will configure the hard drive in a way that is useful for most people. You can also choose manual partitioning and apply a customized setting. It's also possible to set up encryption for better security. ++ +Fedora also allows you to create a dualboot system. This is a PC that has two operating systems installed at the same time. It's easy to install Fedora next to an existing _MS Windows_ installation. ++ +In the partitioning dialog, you will see the existing partitions on the left. Before you confirm the changes make sure that everything is the way you meant it to be (for example that all partitions of other operating systems are still there, if you wish to keep them). When you confirm the changes and start the installation, the changes will be final. + +5. _End_ -- while the system is being installed, you need to provide several important pieces of information, such as the root or administrator password, and the information for creating a user account. You will normally use the user account you created and only use the root password when you need to make a system-wide change. Fedora has the classic approach to user accounts where the root account is not disabled. So you'll need to set up and remember at least two passwords. Alternately, you can check _Admin_ option when creating your user account. This enables the account to act as an administrator in vast majority of operations and avoids your having to use the root password often. + +And that's it. The whole installation should take less than than several dozen minutes. After restart you'll just need to perform a couple of short post-install tasks such as changing the boot order to the original state and then you're ready to go. Everything worked well? Now you can begin exploring Fedora! diff --git a/es-VE/04-first-steps-in-system.adoc b/es-VE/04-first-steps-in-system.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f817a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/04-first-steps-in-system.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +== First Steps in New System +=== Getting Oriented + +You're now looking at the GNOME Shell environment. The key part of the interface is the upper left corner (_Activities_ button) which will get you to the overview with favorite apps, open windows etc. You don't have to click it, just move the mouse cursor to the upper left corner or press kbd:[Super] key. How to get to the full list of apps? On the left panel in the _Activities_ overview, you'll find an icon of grid of squares. Click it and you'll get a grid of all app launchers. The environment is very intuitive. You know the name of the app? Or just a couple of letters? Then you can just start typing (or use the search field on the top). Search is only not performed in applications, it also searches for contacts, files, settings etc. + +.Initial screen of GNOME Shell +image::img/shell-a.png[width=500] + +=== Let's go deeper + +What's specific about working in _GNOME_? First of all notice that windows only have the close button. You'll understand why when we explain the _Activities_ overview. Minimalization doesn't make sense in the _GNOME_ desktop environment and you can maximize a window by dragging it to the top edge of the screen or by clicking the title bar. The goal of the environment is to stand in your way as least as possible which is why only the top panel is shown. We'll use the next picture to explain you the most important UI entities. + +1. _Activities_ -- this button switches the desktop to the _Activities_ overview which is explained more in detail below. It's the starting point for most activities you do in the desktop system. + +2. _Application Menu_ -- you'll find an application menu under the app icon. This menu is associated with the whole application (app settings, about etc.). Options that are related to individual windows of the app are in the windows themselves. Not every application has this menu. If it doesn't have it, you'll only find _Close_ button there. ++ +.Application menu +image::img/menu-aplikace.png[width=300] + +3. _Clock and calendar_ -- you'll find missed notifications and calendar under the date and time. If you use one of the apps that use the calendar backend of _GNOME_ (e.g. _Evolution_), you'll also see events you've previously saved in these apps. ++ +.Clock and calendar +image::img/kalendar.png[width=500] ++ +.User menu +image::img/menu.png[width=350] + +4. _User Menu_ -- in the upper right corner there are the most important indicators (network connection, sound, battery etc.). If you click them you'll see a menu where you can adjust volume, set brightness, network connection, bluetooth and so on. The third part of the menu includes your name with an option to log out or switch accounts. On the bottom, you'll find three icons. The left icon opens the system settings, the middle icon locks the screen, and the right icon shows a restart/shutdown dialog. + +=== What are the _Activities_ for? + +The _Activities_ overview is for launching apps, switching between them, switching between virtual desktops, desktop organization, and searching. In the middle of the screen there are opened windows that are there to switch between them. Because all opened windows are tiled in the _Activities_ overview there is no reason for window minimalization and as we already mentioned _GNOME_ doesn't have it. You can see other important parts of this overview on the picture below. + +.Activities overview +image::img/shell-b.png[width=500] + +1. _Dash_ -- Dash is panel (_menu_) where you can find running and favourite applications. Running applications are boldly underlined. If you want to add an application to favorite applications, click on it in Dash with right mouse button and select _Add to Favorites_ ++ +.Working with applications in Dash +image::img/dash-b.png[width=300] ++ +.View of all applications +image::img/dash-a.png[width=300] + +2. _Show applications_ -- again already mentioned function. This button will show launchers for all applications. You can switch between frequently used applications and all application in the bottom of the screen. + +3. Search -- _GNOME_ provides very powerful search funcionality. You don't have to click to search field, you can start typing immidiatelly after opening _Activities_ mode and search function will be activated automatically. It is probably the fastest way to launch applications. Apart from them, you can search documents, pictures, virtual machines, not yet installed applications, contacts and so on. Or even do simple calculations. You can set what can be searched through actvities in System Settings under _Search_ field. + ++ +.Integrated search +image::img/search.png[width=400] + +4. _Virtual desktops_ -- we can see virtual desktops on the right side. YOu can have more than one virtual desktop even if you have just one physical monitor. You can use them to organize application windows in a better way. Number of virtual desktops in _GNOME_ is not fixed but dynamic - always as many as you have aapplications on plus one ready to be used. When you drag a window to virtual desktop, GNOME automatically creates another empty virtual desktop. It even automatically deletes empty virtual desktops. You can circle between virtual desktops directly in work mode with keyboard shortcut kbd:[Ctrl]+kbd:[Alt]+kbd[arrow ↑]/kbd[arrow ↓]. + +5. _Preview of open windows_ -- is used to get overview of all open windows and even for switching between them. Click on a window to switch to it. Or you can use keyboard to switch windows. Everything you have to do is to open _Activities_ and press kbd:[arrow ↓] and then use arrows to navigate between windows. Switching to window is done with kbd:[Enter] key. + +=== Settings + +_User and system system settings_ can be found by typing _settings_ just like we explained above or under an icon in the user menu at the right end of the top bar. Settings are split into three categories: _Personal_, _Hardware_, _System_. You can configure user accounts, desktop background, printers, and many other things. Most of the usual configuration is done here. You can also connect to different online accounts in cloud services such as Nextcloud, Google, Facebook. This way, you can allow different desktop applications to access your data stored in those services. Do you use instant messaging, need to access your contacts? You only need to log in to your cloud account once. + +.User and system settings +image::img/nastaveni.png[width=500] + +.Software management in Fedora +image::img/software.png[width=500] + +=== Installing New Software + +Fedora includes a lot of applications already in the default installation (_Mozilla{nbsp}Firefox_ browser, _LibreOffice_ suite, _Totem_ multimedia player and many more). But what if you need something else? Not all software can be included in the default installation, but it's available in so called repositories from which you can easily download it. A repository consists of a set of servers and their mirrors which host packages of different applications and libraries. Have you heard of _app stores_ on mobile platforms? Repositories are very close to it. The basic principal is the same. If you'd like to download and install a program from the web, you should first check if it's not available in the repositories. That's how you install most applications in Linux. How to do it? + +1. _Graphical manager_ -- the _Software_ application is exactly the sort of the app catalogs you know from mobile platforms. It's an elegant and easy-to-use gateway to the repositories where you can search for applications or their add-ons, or browse categories. Each application has its own profile with description, license, size etc. And yet all the applications are open source and free to use. _Software_ allows you to uninstall applications as well. You can also use it to update the system and applications. + +2. _DNF tool_ -- _Software_ allows you to search for and install desktop applications from the repositories. But you won't find other kinds of software such as libraries, documentations, and command-line tools. The Fedora repositories host almost 20 thousand packages and most of them don't represent desktop applications. To access the rest of the packages (searching, installing, uninstalling, updating), you can use a command-line tool called _dnf_ or its graphical interface _Yum extender (DNF)_ which gives you the comfort of desktop applications. +\end{enumerate} + +=== Codecs & Additional Software + +What if some software is not available in the Fedora repositories? This may also happen. It could be a specific codec or driver. Such software may not necessarily be for money, it may be available free of charge, but it can't be distributed by the Fedora Project for a reason (license, patents etc.). That's where repositories of third parties may come in handy. They're not maintained or anyhow associated with the Fedora Project, but they may be very useful. (It's important to note that the Fedora Project is not liable for those software sources and they may not be be in accordance with your local copyright and patent laws.) + +1. _Vendor repositories_ -- corporations such as Google or Adobe offer software sources that includes their products. It could be development utilities, but also programs such as _Google Chrome_ and _Adobe Flash Player plugin_. A package installed from their website usually also adds the repository to receive future updates. When the repository is added to the software sources, you can find all the available packages there in already mentioned tools _Software_ and _dnf_. You will then manage the packages like any other packages available in the Fedora repositories. + +2. _Other repositories_ -- there are large third-party software sources with many packages. They usually contain software which is not open source or is patent-protected. But they still could be very useful. You may find multimedia codecs or specific drivers in repositories such as _RPMFusion_. After you add the repositories, you install packages from them like any other. + +3. _Copr repositories_ -- unlike in the kinds of repositories described above software in the Copr repositories has always its license compatible with Fedora. It's very easy to add them and they're the biggest source of software for Fedora outside the official repositories. They may include e.g. the newest, often development versions of desktop environments, applications, or frameworks. Before installing any packages from them, you should learn what they will change in the system. That's a rule of thumb for all software outside the official repositories. You should not blindly install software that is not officially shipped by the Fedora Project and should always check if the source can be trusted and packages it provides won't do any harm to your system. Copr repositories can be found at link:http://copr.fedoraproject.org[copr.fedoraproject.org]. + diff --git a/es-VE/05-how-to-tweak-fedora.adoc b/es-VE/05-how-to-tweak-fedora.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e13ce2 --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/05-how-to-tweak-fedora.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +== How to tweak Fedora? +=== GNOME Shell Extensions +There are extensions available for GNOME Shell which are powerful weapon in terms of customizing system for single user. They're installed directly through the web browser environment from website link:http://extensions.gnome.org[extensions.gnome.org]. There are houndreds of extensions which are adding or changing single elements of user interface. Changes of menu, icons, panels, indications, displays, window switching and many others. + +=== GNOME Tweak Tool +GNOME Tweak Tool is tool included in Fedora. You can precisely set fineness that cannot be set with default configruation tool. We can change sound of the environment, precise setting of virtual desktop's behavior, behavior during charging, fonts in applications, keyboard shortcuts and tens of other things. Anyway, we can manage extensions mentioned above in GNOME Tweak Tool. diff --git a/es-VE/06-you-want-to-know-more.adoc b/es-VE/06-you-want-to-know-more.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79b36fa --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/06-you-want-to-know-more.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +== Where to look for further Information + +This handbook exists to help you get started with Fedora. But, what can you do if you encounter a problem that you can't quickly solve? A good rule of thumb is to remember that any problem you're encountering has probably already been solve was probably solved by somebody else before you. Here is where to look for solutions: + +* link:http://ask.fedoraproject.org[ask.fedoraproject.org] -- the official Q&A forum with large user base and long history of solved problems. +* link:http://fedoramagazine.org[fedoramagazine.org] -- articles from Fedora world. This also includes information about new applications and annoucements. + +=== What to do if you encounter a bug +It is possible that you will encounter a bug. What then? Fedora uses Bugzilla, a bug tracker, provided by Red Hat. It is available online at link:http://bugzilla.redhat.com[bugzilla.redhat.com]. Bugs are required to be reported in English. + +There is a also a tool in Fedora called ABRT. ABRT allows anyone to report bugs or errors by just agreeing to share the details with the Fedora Project. Even if you don't have time to contribute by fixing the bug, be sure to let us know about it by using ABRT. + +=== Other Fedora Editions +Unline many other generic Linux operating systems, Fedora consists of 3 main editions. This guide describes the Workstation edition. There are also _Server_ and _Cloud_ Editions. The _Server_ edition is designed for server uses and features applications like Cockpit which allows for easy remote management of servers through a web browser and the administration of server roles through _Rolekit_. The _Cloud_ edition is a minimal version of Fedora optimized for deploying containers. There are multiple Fedora Cloud images opitimized for use in environments like _OpenStack_, _VirtualBox_ and others. + +=== Fedora Spins +Everything in this guide is about the default Fedora _Workstation_ edition. This version uses _GNOME{nbsp}3_ and the _GNOME Shell_. However, there are alternatives to GNOME. Fedora spins, which are alternative software builds of Fedora exist for other window managers. So, if you want to to use _KDE Plasma Desktop_, you'll find a spin built image for that. _Xfce_? _LXDE_? We have prepared images for everything. + +But we don't have to stop with Fedora spins. Nowadays the ARM architecture is popular. It is the most used mobile platform and is a significant platform for development boards, such as the Banana Pi, BeagleBone, and the Raspberry Pi. There are images built to run on these kinds of systems too in the form of server versions or minimal install images. diff --git a/es-VE/credits.adoc b/es-VE/credits.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9b1c1f --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/credits.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +_Getting Started with Fedora_ + +_Czech Language Authors:_ + +Lukáš Kotek, et. al. + +_Czech Language Proofreading:_ + +Květa Mrštíková and Jiří Kroupa + +_English Language Proofreading and Authors:_ + +Brian Exelbierd + +_Typography and Layout:_ + +Petr Čech + +_Cover Design:_ + +Maria Leonova + +_First Edition Released in September 2015._ + +_Released under CC BY-SA 3.0_ + diff --git a/es-VE/handbook.adoc b/es-VE/handbook.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e81c596 --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/handbook.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ += Getting Started with Fedora +An Introduction and First Steps Guide + +:doctype: book +:listing-caption: Listing +:pdf-page-size: A5 +:icons: font +:experimental: + +include::01-introduction.adoc[] + +include::02-what-is-fedora-about.adoc[] + +include::03-how-to-get-fedora.adoc[] + +include::04-first-steps-in-system.adoc[] + +include::05-how-to-tweak-fedora.adoc[] + +include::06-you-want-to-know-more.adoc[] + +<<< + +include::credits.adoc[] diff --git a/es-VE/handbook.html b/es-VE/handbook.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a460b6a --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/handbook.html @@ -0,0 +1,814 @@ + + + + + + + + +Getting Started with Fedora + + + + + +
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Introduction

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So, you’ve decided to install the Fedora operating system on your workstation, desktop, laptop, netbook …​ or any other kind of a PC. How should you proceed? What are the benefits of Fedora as compared to other operating systems? How do you get it and install it? How do you tweak it to your taste and for your particular needs? In this guide we will examine each of these questions, step by step.

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What is Fedora about

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Who is it for?

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Fedora is available in several different editions. Editions are targeted to different kinds of users. The Fedora Workstation edition is designed for users who use computers primarily to create everything from engineering style work, such as software, to creative work, such as art, music and literature. It features the _GNOME 3_ environment and a variety of applications, such as, developer tools, like the newly released Builder, apps for virtualization, such as, (Boxes), container management tools, such as, (Docker), and more. Does this mean that Fedora is only for developers and engineers? No, Fedora is also great for multimedia tasks such as video editing, using tools like (PiTiVi), or for graphics and image editing using tools such as (GIMP)for bitmaps and (Inkscape) for vector graphics. In a sense, Fedora is a better operating system for an average user than it ever was.

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Open Source and Free

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Open source software is software that has made its source code available for distribution, modification, and use for any purpose. Fedora doesn’t include software that can’t be reviewed at the source code level. Fedora has been created and maintained for over 10 years by a community of professional developers and volunteers who are passionate about open source software. It has always included and will include only open source software.

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However, this doesn’t prevent you from installing any software you want, even non-open source software. Do you want a non-open source application, such as Google Chrome? You can easily install it. But, even without 3rd-party and non-open source software, you’ll find more then 20 thousand packages for Fedora which represent various apps, extensions, and libraries. You’ll also be happy to discover that many of these open source programs are not just alternatives, they are often better or more powerful than their closed source cousins. For more information, (see the Installing new software chapter).

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It’s not just about open source. Fedora is also passionate about freedom in the form of software licenses and patents. Fedora respects software patent law (even though it may not be relevant in some parts of the world). You can be sure that you are not breaking laws by using Fedora.

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Security and Privacy

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Fedora development prioritizes security and includes clear rules to ensure that it remains a focus. Fedora is tested, like any other significant software product. Moreover, Fedora is the base for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, a commercially supported operating system offerred by Red Hat. Red Hat employs a lot of developers, many who are involved in the Fedora Project, and owns Fedora trademarks.

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Fedora community support lasts for two release cycles plus one month. Currently Fedora releases a new version every 6 months, meaning each version is supported for 13 months. Fedora community support includes security fixes and kernel updates. This last one is significant because new kernels mean improved and new hardware support. This is a big advantage of using Fedora.

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The Fedora community carefully selects the software to include in the operating system and is concerned about privacy. Therefore, Fedora doesn’t include any programs that send any sensitive data without your permission. Fedora doesn’t spy on you, it respects your privacy.

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Leading the Way

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Fedora integrates a lot of new software and is often the first (or one of the first) operating systems to adopt new technology. Fedora is very often where new technologies are being developed and tested. Open source software is about collaboration and people who are involved in the Fedora Project are very often active in other projects, too. They don’t wait until someone else develop software so they can include it in Fedora. Instead they actively participate in project’s development and collaborate with participants from other Linux operating systems or independent developers. It’s common that such software goes on to become the de facto standard of the Linux world. Fedora users keep fingers on the pulse of innovation and change and are ahead of others. This is why it is easy to say that Fedora is progressive, innovative, and leading the way.

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How to Get Fedora?

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Try and Install

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It is possible to install Fedora from optical media (CD, DVD), a USB flash drive, or over the network. This is accomplished by accessing an installation image. Installation images of Fedora Workstation are available for download in ISO format at getfedora.org. Fedora Workstation defaults to a 64bit operating system download as that is what is best for most users.

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If you aren’t ready to install yet and want to try it first, there is a way to do so without losing or changing anything already on your PC. This is done by using a live image which allows you to boot to a fully fuctional system and find out what Fedora is like, experiment, and determine whether it fully supports your PC’s hardware.

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To run Fedora Workstation reasonably it is recommend that you have at least a 1GHz processor, 2 GiB of memory, 10 GiB of hard drive space, and a graphics card that supports hardware acceleration. These aren’t the minimum requirements, but they are the best for most users. Some users may wish to run Fedora on lower powered machines and will find it performs well there too.

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Creating Install Media

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If you’re going need to create installation media, the following options may be helpful:

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    USB Installation - To create a USB installation drive, you can use the Fedora Media Writer. It can run on MS Windows, Apple macOS or Linux. Beware, this program will erase all the data on the flash drive! Fedora Media Writer can download the installation image for you when you run it. If you’re using MS Windows or Apple macOS, the installation file of the app is what you’ll be offered when you decide to download Fedora Workstation at link:https://getfedora.org.

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    GNOME and Disks - If you already use a Linux operating system (with the GNOME desktop environment), you can use built-in software to write a USB drive. In the Files app, you can right-click an ISO image, choose “Open in a different app” and then choose “Write on disk”. This will open the Disks utility which will write the image on to a flash drive.

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    If you decide to write the install image on to a USB flash drive, you should carefully double-check that you’ve picked the correct target drive. If you’re doing this on MS Windows, you need to pick the character that has been assigned to the drive you’d like to use (typically this will be D: or E:). On Linux, you need to do the same using the device(typically this is will be /dev/sdX where X is a character). The easiest and safest way to find do this is on Linux is to use the Disks utility mentioned above.

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    DVD Installation - A DVD is a very traditional way of installing Fedora. You can create an installation DVD by writing an ISO image to a DVD. Most modern operating systems can do this operation with built-in software. If not, you can install a specialized application such as Brasero on Linux and ImgBurn on MS Windows. All versions of Apple macOS can write DVDs using Finder and Disk Utility.

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Installing Fedora

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    Booting — no matter what media you’ve chosen, you’ll need to make sure that you set the right boot sequence in the BIOS of the computer you’d like to install Fedora on. The drive with the install media needs to be in the first position. You can get to the BIOS configuration by pressing a specific key after starting the computer. The key depends on the vendor (typically the keys are Delete, F1, or  F2). Alternately, many vendors allow you to choose a boot drive without having to go to the BIOS settings by pressing the F12 key.

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    Figure 1. Booted install media of Fedora
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    Initial Screen — after successful booting you’ll see the initial screen where you can choose between installing Fedora (or booting into the live system) and verifying the install media. If you choose installation, you’ll boot into the live system and will be asked if you want to try the system out or install it on the hard drive. If you choose to "Try Fedora" you can use it in this way for as long as you want and can choose to perform an installation at any time by clicking on the installer icon in the menu.

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    Figure 2. Fedora Installer
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    Trying the System — if you’ve chosen to try the system, you’ll begin using the GNOME Shell. The top of the display contains the most commonly used control elements. There is an Activities button in the upper left corner which will get you to applications (and to the option to install Fedora on your system). The upper right corner has controls that allow you to set up the network, restart or shutdown the system.

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    Installer — once you decide to install Fedora, you’ll being using the helpful installation system, Anaconda. The insaller consists of different spokes that manage the options for areas such as language settings, time zone, etc. The disk partitioning spoke is the most important part of the intaller. This spoke will define where on your hard drive Fedora will be installed. The installer offers you automatic partitioning which will configure the hard drive in a way that is useful for most people. You can also choose manual partitioning and apply a customized setting. It’s also possible to set up encryption for better security.

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    Fedora also allows you to create a dualboot system. This is a PC that has two operating systems installed at the same time. It’s easy to install Fedora next to an existing MS Windows installation.

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    In the partitioning dialog, you will see the existing partitions on the left. Before you confirm the changes make sure that everything is the way you meant it to be (for example that all partitions of other operating systems are still there, if you wish to keep them). When you confirm the changes and start the installation, the changes will be final.

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    End — while the system is being installed, you need to provide several important pieces of information, such as the root or administrator password, and the information for creating a user account. You will normally use the user account you created and only use the root password when you need to make a system-wide change. Fedora has the classic approach to user accounts where the root account is not disabled. So you’ll need to set up and remember at least two passwords. Alternately, you can check Admin option when creating your user account. This enables the account to act as an administrator in vast majority of operations and avoids your having to use the root password often.

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And that’s it. The whole installation should take less than than several dozen minutes. After restart you’ll just need to perform a couple of short post-install tasks such as changing the boot order to the original state and then you’re ready to go. Everything worked well? Now you can begin exploring Fedora!

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First Steps in New System

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Getting Oriented

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You’re now looking at the GNOME Shell environment. The key part of the interface is the upper left corner (Activities button) which will get you to the overview with favorite apps, open windows etc. You don’t have to click it, just move the mouse cursor to the upper left corner or press Super key. How to get to the full list of apps? On the left panel in the Activities overview, you’ll find an icon of grid of squares. Click it and you’ll get a grid of all app launchers. The environment is very intuitive. You know the name of the app? Or just a couple of letters? Then you can just start typing (or use the search field on the top). Search is only not performed in applications, it also searches for contacts, files, settings etc.

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Figure 3. Initial screen of GNOME Shell
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Let’s go deeper

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What’s specific about working in GNOME? First of all notice that windows only have the close button. You’ll understand why when we explain the Activities overview. Minimalization doesn’t make sense in the GNOME desktop environment and you can maximize a window by dragging it to the top edge of the screen or by clicking the title bar. The goal of the environment is to stand in your way as least as possible which is why only the top panel is shown. We’ll use the next picture to explain you the most important UI entities.

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    Activities — this button switches the desktop to the Activities overview which is explained more in detail below. It’s the starting point for most activities you do in the desktop system.

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    Application Menu — you’ll find an application menu under the app icon. This menu is associated with the whole application (app settings, about etc.). Options that are related to individual windows of the app are in the windows themselves. Not every application has this menu. If it doesn’t have it, you’ll only find Close button there.

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    Figure 4. Application menu
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    Clock and calendar — you’ll find missed notifications and calendar under the date and time. If you use one of the apps that use the calendar backend of GNOME (e.g. Evolution), you’ll also see events you’ve previously saved in these apps.

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    Figure 5. Clock and calendar
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    Figure 6. User menu
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    User Menu — in the upper right corner there are the most important indicators (network connection, sound, battery etc.). If you click them you’ll see a menu where you can adjust volume, set brightness, network connection, bluetooth and so on. The third part of the menu includes your name with an option to log out or switch accounts. On the bottom, you’ll find three icons. The left icon opens the system settings, the middle icon locks the screen, and the right icon shows a restart/shutdown dialog.

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What are the Activities for?

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The Activities overview is for launching apps, switching between them, switching between virtual desktops, desktop organization, and searching. In the middle of the screen there are opened windows that are there to switch between them. Because all opened windows are tiled in the Activities overview there is no reason for window minimalization and as we already mentioned GNOME doesn’t have it. You can see other important parts of this overview on the picture below.

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Figure 7. Activities overview
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    Dash — Dash is panel (menu) where you can find running and favourite applications. Running applications are boldly underlined. If you want to add an application to favorite applications, click on it in Dash with right mouse button and select Add to Favorites

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    Figure 8. Working with applications in Dash
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    Figure 9. View of all applications
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    Show applications — again already mentioned function. This button will show launchers for all applications. You can switch between frequently used applications and all application in the bottom of the screen.

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    Search — GNOME provides very powerful search funcionality. You don’t have to click to search field, you can start typing immidiatelly after opening Activities mode and search function will be activated automatically. It is probably the fastest way to launch applications. Apart from them, you can search documents, pictures, virtual machines, not yet installed applications, contacts and so on. Or even do simple calculations. You can set what can be searched through actvities in System Settings under Search field.

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    Figure 10. Integrated search
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    Virtual desktops — we can see virtual desktops on the right side. YOu can have more than one virtual desktop even if you have just one physical monitor. You can use them to organize application windows in a better way. Number of virtual desktops in GNOME is not fixed but dynamic - always as many as you have aapplications on plus one ready to be used. When you drag a window to virtual desktop, GNOME automatically creates another empty virtual desktop. It even automatically deletes empty virtual desktops. You can circle between virtual desktops directly in work mode with keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+kbd[arrow ↑]/kbd[arrow ↓].

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    Preview of open windows — is used to get overview of all open windows and even for switching between them. Click on a window to switch to it. Or you can use keyboard to switch windows. Everything you have to do is to open Activities and press arrow ↓ and then use arrows to navigate between windows. Switching to window is done with Enter key.

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Settings

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User and system system settings can be found by typing settings just like we explained above or under an icon in the user menu at the right end of the top bar. Settings are split into three categories: Personal, Hardware, System. You can configure user accounts, desktop background, printers, and many other things. Most of the usual configuration is done here. You can also connect to different online accounts in cloud services such as Nextcloud, Google, Facebook. This way, you can allow different desktop applications to access your data stored in those services. Do you use instant messaging, need to access your contacts? You only need to log in to your cloud account once.

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Figure 11. User and system settings
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Figure 12. Software management in Fedora
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Installing New Software

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Fedora includes a lot of applications already in the default installation (Mozilla Firefox browser, LibreOffice suite, Totem multimedia player and many more). But what if you need something else? Not all software can be included in the default installation, but it’s available in so called repositories from which you can easily download it. A repository consists of a set of servers and their mirrors which host packages of different applications and libraries. Have you heard of app stores on mobile platforms? Repositories are very close to it. The basic principal is the same. If you’d like to download and install a program from the web, you should first check if it’s not available in the repositories. That’s how you install most applications in Linux. How to do it?

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    Graphical manager — the Software application is exactly the sort of the app catalogs you know from mobile platforms. It’s an elegant and easy-to-use gateway to the repositories where you can search for applications or their add-ons, or browse categories. Each application has its own profile with description, license, size etc. And yet all the applications are open source and free to use. Software allows you to uninstall applications as well. You can also use it to update the system and applications.

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    DNF tool — Software allows you to search for and install desktop applications from the repositories. But you won’t find other kinds of software such as libraries, documentations, and command-line tools. The Fedora repositories host almost 20 thousand packages and most of them don’t represent desktop applications. To access the rest of the packages (searching, installing, uninstalling, updating), you can use a command-line tool called dnf or its graphical interface Yum extender (DNF) which gives you the comfort of desktop applications. +\end{enumerate}

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Codecs & Additional Software

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What if some software is not available in the Fedora repositories? This may also happen. It could be a specific codec or driver. Such software may not necessarily be for money, it may be available free of charge, but it can’t be distributed by the Fedora Project for a reason (license, patents etc.). That’s where repositories of third parties may come in handy. They’re not maintained or anyhow associated with the Fedora Project, but they may be very useful. (It’s important to note that the Fedora Project is not liable for those software sources and they may not be be in accordance with your local copyright and patent laws.)

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    Vendor repositories — corporations such as Google or Adobe offer software sources that includes their products. It could be development utilities, but also programs such as Google Chrome and Adobe Flash Player plugin. A package installed from their website usually also adds the repository to receive future updates. When the repository is added to the software sources, you can find all the available packages there in already mentioned tools Software and dnf. You will then manage the packages like any other packages available in the Fedora repositories.

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    Other repositories — there are large third-party software sources with many packages. They usually contain software which is not open source or is patent-protected. But they still could be very useful. You may find multimedia codecs or specific drivers in repositories such as RPMFusion. After you add the repositories, you install packages from them like any other.

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    Copr repositories — unlike in the kinds of repositories described above software in the Copr repositories has always its license compatible with Fedora. It’s very easy to add them and they’re the biggest source of software for Fedora outside the official repositories. They may include e.g. the newest, often development versions of desktop environments, applications, or frameworks. Before installing any packages from them, you should learn what they will change in the system. That’s a rule of thumb for all software outside the official repositories. You should not blindly install software that is not officially shipped by the Fedora Project and should always check if the source can be trusted and packages it provides won’t do any harm to your system. Copr repositories can be found at copr.fedoraproject.org.

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How to tweak Fedora?

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GNOME Shell Extensions

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There are extensions available for GNOME Shell which are powerful weapon in terms of customizing system for single user. They’re installed directly through the web browser environment from website extensions.gnome.org. There are houndreds of extensions which are adding or changing single elements of user interface. Changes of menu, icons, panels, indications, displays, window switching and many others.

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GNOME Tweak Tool

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GNOME Tweak Tool is tool included in Fedora. You can precisely set fineness that cannot be set with default configruation tool. We can change sound of the environment, precise setting of virtual desktop’s behavior, behavior during charging, fonts in applications, keyboard shortcuts and tens of other things. Anyway, we can manage extensions mentioned above in GNOME Tweak Tool.

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Where to look for further Information

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This handbook exists to help you get started with Fedora. But, what can you do if you encounter a problem that you can’t quickly solve? A good rule of thumb is to remember that any problem you’re encountering has probably already been solve was probably solved by somebody else before you. Here is where to look for solutions:

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    ask.fedoraproject.org — the official Q&A forum with large user base and long history of solved problems.

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    fedoramagazine.org — articles from Fedora world. This also includes information about new applications and annoucements.

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What to do if you encounter a bug

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It is possible that you will encounter a bug. What then? Fedora uses Bugzilla, a bug tracker, provided by Red Hat. It is available online at bugzilla.redhat.com. Bugs are required to be reported in English.

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There is a also a tool in Fedora called ABRT. ABRT allows anyone to report bugs or errors by just agreeing to share the details with the Fedora Project. Even if you don’t have time to contribute by fixing the bug, be sure to let us know about it by using ABRT.

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Other Fedora Editions

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Unline many other generic Linux operating systems, Fedora consists of 3 main editions. This guide describes the Workstation edition. There are also Server and Cloud Editions. The Server edition is designed for server uses and features applications like Cockpit which allows for easy remote management of servers through a web browser and the administration of server roles through Rolekit. The Cloud edition is a minimal version of Fedora optimized for deploying containers. There are multiple Fedora Cloud images opitimized for use in environments like OpenStack, VirtualBox and others.

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Fedora Spins

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Everything in this guide is about the default Fedora Workstation edition. This version uses GNOME 3 and the GNOME Shell. However, there are alternatives to GNOME. Fedora spins, which are alternative software builds of Fedora exist for other window managers. So, if you want to to use KDE Plasma Desktop, you’ll find a spin built image for that. Xfce? LXDE? We have prepared images for everything.

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But we don’t have to stop with Fedora spins. Nowadays the ARM architecture is popular. It is the most used mobile platform and is a significant platform for development boards, such as the Banana Pi, BeagleBone, and the Raspberry Pi. There are images built to run on these kinds of systems too in the form of server versions or minimal install images.

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Getting Started with Fedora

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Czech Language Authors:
+Lukáš Kotek, et. al.

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Czech Language Proofreading:
+Květa Mrštíková and Jiří Kroupa

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English Language Proofreading and Authors:
+Brian Exelbierd

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Typography and Layout:
+Petr Čech

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Cover Design:
+Maria Leonova

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First Edition Released in September 2015.
+Released under CC BY-SA 3.0

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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/es-VE/handbook.xml b/es-VE/handbook.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae8e7e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/es-VE/handbook.xml @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ + + + + + +Getting Started with Fedora +2017-03-19 + + +An Introduction and First Steps Guide + + +A + + +Introduction +So, you’ve decided to install the Fedora operating system on your workstation, desktop, laptop, netbook …​ or any other kind of a PC. How should you proceed? What are the benefits of Fedora as compared to other operating systems? How do you get it and install it? How do you tweak it to your taste and for your particular needs? In this guide we will examine each of these questions, step by step. + + +What is Fedora about +
+Who is it for? +Fedora is available in several different editions. Editions are targeted to different kinds of users. The Fedora Workstation edition is designed for users who use computers primarily to create everything from engineering style work, such as software, to creative work, such as art, music and literature. It features the _GNOME 3_ environment and a variety of applications, such as, developer tools, like the newly released Builder, apps for virtualization, such as, (Boxes), container management tools, such as, (Docker), and more. Does this mean that Fedora is only for developers and engineers? No, Fedora is also great for multimedia tasks such as video editing, using tools like (PiTiVi), or for graphics and image editing using tools such as (GIMP)for bitmaps and (Inkscape) for vector graphics. In a sense, Fedora is a better operating system for an average user than it ever was. +
+
+Open Source and Free +Open source software is software that has made its source code available for distribution, modification, and use for any purpose. Fedora doesn’t include software that can’t be reviewed at the source code level. Fedora has been created and maintained for over 10 years by a community of professional developers and volunteers who are passionate about open source software. It has always included and will include only open source software. +However, this doesn’t prevent you from installing any software you want, even non-open source software. Do you want a non-open source application, such as Google Chrome? You can easily install it. But, even without 3rd-party and non-open source software, you’ll find more then 20 thousand packages for Fedora which represent various apps, extensions, and libraries. You’ll also be happy to discover that many of these open source programs are not just alternatives, they are often better or more powerful than their closed source cousins. For more information, (see the Installing new software chapter). +It’s not just about open source. Fedora is also passionate about freedom in the form of software licenses and patents. Fedora respects software patent law (even though it may not be relevant in some parts of the world). You can be sure that you are not breaking laws by using Fedora. +
+
+Security and Privacy +Fedora development prioritizes security and includes clear rules to ensure that it remains a focus. Fedora is tested, like any other significant software product. Moreover, Fedora is the base for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, a commercially supported operating system offerred by Red Hat. Red Hat employs a lot of developers, many who are involved in the Fedora Project, and owns Fedora trademarks. +Fedora community support lasts for two release cycles plus one month. Currently Fedora releases a new version every 6 months, meaning each version is supported for 13 months. Fedora community support includes security fixes and kernel updates. This last one is significant because new kernels mean improved and new hardware support. This is a big advantage of using Fedora. +The Fedora community carefully selects the software to include in the operating system and is concerned about privacy. Therefore, Fedora doesn’t include any programs that send any sensitive data without your permission. Fedora doesn’t spy on you, it respects your privacy. +
+
+Leading the Way +Fedora integrates a lot of new software and is often the first (or one of the first) operating systems to adopt new technology. Fedora is very often where new technologies are being developed and tested. Open source software is about collaboration and people who are involved in the Fedora Project are very often active in other projects, too. They don’t wait until someone else develop software so they can include it in Fedora. Instead they actively participate in project’s development and collaborate with participants from other Linux operating systems or independent developers. It’s common that such software goes on to become the de facto standard of the Linux world. Fedora users keep fingers on the pulse of innovation and change and are ahead of others. This is why it is easy to say that Fedora is progressive, innovative, and leading the way. +
+ + +How to Get Fedora? +
+Try and Install +It is possible to install Fedora from optical media (CD, DVD), a USB flash drive, or over the network. This is accomplished by accessing an installation image. Installation images of Fedora Workstation are available for download in ISO format at getfedora.org. Fedora Workstation defaults to a 64bit operating system download as that is what is best for most users. +If you aren’t ready to install yet and want to try it first, there is a way to do so without losing or changing anything already on your PC. This is done by using a live image which allows you to boot to a fully fuctional system and find out what Fedora is like, experiment, and determine whether it fully supports your PC’s hardware. +To run Fedora Workstation reasonably it is recommend that you have at least a 1GHz processor, 2 GiB of memory, 10 GiB of hard drive space, and a graphics card that supports hardware acceleration. These aren’t the minimum requirements, but they are the best for most users. Some users may wish to run Fedora on lower powered machines and will find it performs well there too. +
+Creating Install Media +If you’re going need to create installation media, the following options may be helpful: + + +USB Installation - To create a USB installation drive, you can use the Fedora Media Writer. It can run on MS Windows, Apple macOS or Linux. Beware, this program will erase all the data on the flash drive! Fedora Media Writer can download the installation image for you when you run it. If you’re using MS Windows or Apple macOS, the installation file of the app is what you’ll be offered when you decide to download Fedora Workstation at link:https://getfedora.org. +GNOME and Disks - If you already use a Linux operating system (with the GNOME desktop environment), you can use built-in software to write a USB drive. In the Files app, you can right-click an ISO image, choose “Open in a different app” and then choose “Write on disk”. This will open the Disks utility which will write the image on to a flash drive. +If you decide to write the install image on to a USB flash drive, you should carefully double-check that you’ve picked the correct target drive. If you’re doing this on MS Windows, you need to pick the character that has been assigned to the drive you’d like to use (typically this will be D: or E:). On Linux, you need to do the same using the device(typically this is will be /dev/sdX where X is a character). The easiest and safest way to find do this is on Linux is to use the Disks utility mentioned above. + + +DVD Installation - A DVD is a very traditional way of installing Fedora. You can create an installation DVD by writing an ISO image to a DVD. Most modern operating systems can do this operation with built-in software. If not, you can install a specialized application such as Brasero on Linux and ImgBurn on MS Windows. All versions of Apple macOS can write DVDs using Finder and Disk Utility. + + +
+
+
+Installing Fedora + + +Booting — no matter what media you’ve chosen, you’ll need to make sure that you set the right boot sequence in the BIOS of the computer you’d like to install Fedora on. The drive with the install media needs to be in the first position. You can get to the BIOS configuration by pressing a specific key after starting the computer. The key depends on the vendor (typically the keys are Delete, F1, or  F2). Alternately, many vendors allow you to choose a boot drive without having to go to the BIOS settings by pressing the F12 key. +
+Booted install media of Fedora + + + + +instalator a + +
+ + +Initial Screen — after successful booting you’ll see the initial screen where you can choose between installing Fedora (or booting into the live system) and verifying the install media. If you choose installation, you’ll boot into the live system and will be asked if you want to try the system out or install it on the hard drive. If you choose to "Try Fedora" you can use it in this way for as long as you want and can choose to perform an installation at any time by clicking on the installer icon in the menu. +
+Fedora Installer + + + + +instalator b + +
+ + +Trying the System — if you’ve chosen to try the system, you’ll begin using the GNOME Shell. The top of the display contains the most commonly used control elements. There is an Activities button in the upper left corner which will get you to applications (and to the option to install Fedora on your system). The upper right corner has controls that allow you to set up the network, restart or shutdown the system. + + +Installer — once you decide to install Fedora, you’ll being using the helpful installation system, Anaconda. The insaller consists of different spokes that manage the options for areas such as language settings, time zone, etc. The disk partitioning spoke is the most important part of the intaller. This spoke will define where on your hard drive Fedora will be installed. The installer offers you automatic partitioning which will configure the hard drive in a way that is useful for most people. You can also choose manual partitioning and apply a customized setting. It’s also possible to set up encryption for better security. +Fedora also allows you to create a dualboot system. This is a PC that has two operating systems installed at the same time. It’s easy to install Fedora next to an existing MS Windows installation. +In the partitioning dialog, you will see the existing partitions on the left. Before you confirm the changes make sure that everything is the way you meant it to be (for example that all partitions of other operating systems are still there, if you wish to keep them). When you confirm the changes and start the installation, the changes will be final. + + +End — while the system is being installed, you need to provide several important pieces of information, such as the root or administrator password, and the information for creating a user account. You will normally use the user account you created and only use the root password when you need to make a system-wide change. Fedora has the classic approach to user accounts where the root account is not disabled. So you’ll need to set up and remember at least two passwords. Alternately, you can check Admin option when creating your user account. This enables the account to act as an administrator in vast majority of operations and avoids your having to use the root password often. + + +And that’s it. The whole installation should take less than than several dozen minutes. After restart you’ll just need to perform a couple of short post-install tasks such as changing the boot order to the original state and then you’re ready to go. Everything worked well? Now you can begin exploring Fedora! +
+ + +First Steps in New System +
+Getting Oriented +You’re now looking at the GNOME Shell environment. The key part of the interface is the upper left corner (Activities button) which will get you to the overview with favorite apps, open windows etc. You don’t have to click it, just move the mouse cursor to the upper left corner or press Super key. How to get to the full list of apps? On the left panel in the Activities overview, you’ll find an icon of grid of squares. Click it and you’ll get a grid of all app launchers. The environment is very intuitive. You know the name of the app? Or just a couple of letters? Then you can just start typing (or use the search field on the top). Search is only not performed in applications, it also searches for contacts, files, settings etc. +
+Initial screen of GNOME Shell + + + + +shell a + +
+
+
+Let’s go deeper +What’s specific about working in GNOME? First of all notice that windows only have the close button. You’ll understand why when we explain the Activities overview. Minimalization doesn’t make sense in the GNOME desktop environment and you can maximize a window by dragging it to the top edge of the screen or by clicking the title bar. The goal of the environment is to stand in your way as least as possible which is why only the top panel is shown. We’ll use the next picture to explain you the most important UI entities. + + +Activities — this button switches the desktop to the Activities overview which is explained more in detail below. It’s the starting point for most activities you do in the desktop system. + + +Application Menu — you’ll find an application menu under the app icon. This menu is associated with the whole application (app settings, about etc.). Options that are related to individual windows of the app are in the windows themselves. Not every application has this menu. If it doesn’t have it, you’ll only find Close button there. +
+Application menu + + + + +menu aplikace + +
+ + +Clock and calendar — you’ll find missed notifications and calendar under the date and time. If you use one of the apps that use the calendar backend of GNOME (e.g. Evolution), you’ll also see events you’ve previously saved in these apps. +
+Clock and calendar + + + + +kalendar + +
+
+User menu + + + + +menu + +
+ + +User Menu — in the upper right corner there are the most important indicators (network connection, sound, battery etc.). If you click them you’ll see a menu where you can adjust volume, set brightness, network connection, bluetooth and so on. The third part of the menu includes your name with an option to log out or switch accounts. On the bottom, you’ll find three icons. The left icon opens the system settings, the middle icon locks the screen, and the right icon shows a restart/shutdown dialog. + + +
+
+What are the <emphasis>Activities</emphasis> for? +The Activities overview is for launching apps, switching between them, switching between virtual desktops, desktop organization, and searching. In the middle of the screen there are opened windows that are there to switch between them. Because all opened windows are tiled in the Activities overview there is no reason for window minimalization and as we already mentioned GNOME doesn’t have it. You can see other important parts of this overview on the picture below. +
+Activities overview + + + + +shell b + +
+ + +Dash — Dash is panel (menu) where you can find running and favourite applications. Running applications are boldly underlined. If you want to add an application to favorite applications, click on it in Dash with right mouse button and select Add to Favorites +
+Working with applications in Dash + + + + +dash b + +
+
+View of all applications + + + + +dash a + +
+ + +Show applications — again already mentioned function. This button will show launchers for all applications. You can switch between frequently used applications and all application in the bottom of the screen. + + +Search — GNOME provides very powerful search funcionality. You don’t have to click to search field, you can start typing immidiatelly after opening Activities mode and search function will be activated automatically. It is probably the fastest way to launch applications. Apart from them, you can search documents, pictures, virtual machines, not yet installed applications, contacts and so on. Or even do simple calculations. You can set what can be searched through actvities in System Settings under Search field. +
+Integrated search + + + + +search + +
+ + +Virtual desktops — we can see virtual desktops on the right side. YOu can have more than one virtual desktop even if you have just one physical monitor. You can use them to organize application windows in a better way. Number of virtual desktops in GNOME is not fixed but dynamic - always as many as you have aapplications on plus one ready to be used. When you drag a window to virtual desktop, GNOME automatically creates another empty virtual desktop. It even automatically deletes empty virtual desktops. You can circle between virtual desktops directly in work mode with keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+kbd[arrow ↑]/kbd[arrow ↓]. + + +Preview of open windows — is used to get overview of all open windows and even for switching between them. Click on a window to switch to it. Or you can use keyboard to switch windows. Everything you have to do is to open Activities and press arrow ↓ and then use arrows to navigate between windows. Switching to window is done with Enter key. + + +
+
+Settings +User and system system settings can be found by typing settings just like we explained above or under an icon in the user menu at the right end of the top bar. Settings are split into three categories: Personal, Hardware, System. You can configure user accounts, desktop background, printers, and many other things. Most of the usual configuration is done here. You can also connect to different online accounts in cloud services such as Nextcloud, Google, Facebook. This way, you can allow different desktop applications to access your data stored in those services. Do you use instant messaging, need to access your contacts? You only need to log in to your cloud account once. +
+User and system settings + + + + +nastaveni + +
+
+Software management in Fedora + + + + +software + +
+
+
+Installing New Software +Fedora includes a lot of applications already in the default installation (Mozilla Firefox browser, LibreOffice suite, Totem multimedia player and many more). But what if you need something else? Not all software can be included in the default installation, but it’s available in so called repositories from which you can easily download it. A repository consists of a set of servers and their mirrors which host packages of different applications and libraries. Have you heard of app stores on mobile platforms? Repositories are very close to it. The basic principal is the same. If you’d like to download and install a program from the web, you should first check if it’s not available in the repositories. That’s how you install most applications in Linux. How to do it? + + +Graphical manager — the Software application is exactly the sort of the app catalogs you know from mobile platforms. It’s an elegant and easy-to-use gateway to the repositories where you can search for applications or their add-ons, or browse categories. Each application has its own profile with description, license, size etc. And yet all the applications are open source and free to use. Software allows you to uninstall applications as well. You can also use it to update the system and applications. + + +DNF tool — Software allows you to search for and install desktop applications from the repositories. But you won’t find other kinds of software such as libraries, documentations, and command-line tools. The Fedora repositories host almost 20 thousand packages and most of them don’t represent desktop applications. To access the rest of the packages (searching, installing, uninstalling, updating), you can use a command-line tool called dnf or its graphical interface Yum extender (DNF) which gives you the comfort of desktop applications. +\end{enumerate} + + +
+
+Codecs & Additional Software +What if some software is not available in the Fedora repositories? This may also happen. It could be a specific codec or driver. Such software may not necessarily be for money, it may be available free of charge, but it can’t be distributed by the Fedora Project for a reason (license, patents etc.). That’s where repositories of third parties may come in handy. They’re not maintained or anyhow associated with the Fedora Project, but they may be very useful. (It’s important to note that the Fedora Project is not liable for those software sources and they may not be be in accordance with your local copyright and patent laws.) + + +Vendor repositories — corporations such as Google or Adobe offer software sources that includes their products. It could be development utilities, but also programs such as Google Chrome and Adobe Flash Player plugin. A package installed from their website usually also adds the repository to receive future updates. When the repository is added to the software sources, you can find all the available packages there in already mentioned tools Software and dnf. You will then manage the packages like any other packages available in the Fedora repositories. + + +Other repositories — there are large third-party software sources with many packages. They usually contain software which is not open source or is patent-protected. But they still could be very useful. You may find multimedia codecs or specific drivers in repositories such as RPMFusion. After you add the repositories, you install packages from them like any other. + + +Copr repositories — unlike in the kinds of repositories described above software in the Copr repositories has always its license compatible with Fedora. It’s very easy to add them and they’re the biggest source of software for Fedora outside the official repositories. They may include e.g. the newest, often development versions of desktop environments, applications, or frameworks. Before installing any packages from them, you should learn what they will change in the system. That’s a rule of thumb for all software outside the official repositories. You should not blindly install software that is not officially shipped by the Fedora Project and should always check if the source can be trusted and packages it provides won’t do any harm to your system. Copr repositories can be found at copr.fedoraproject.org. + + +
+ + +How to tweak Fedora? +
+GNOME Shell Extensions +There are extensions available for GNOME Shell which are powerful weapon in terms of customizing system for single user. They’re installed directly through the web browser environment from website extensions.gnome.org. There are houndreds of extensions which are adding or changing single elements of user interface. Changes of menu, icons, panels, indications, displays, window switching and many others. +
+
+GNOME Tweak Tool +GNOME Tweak Tool is tool included in Fedora. You can precisely set fineness that cannot be set with default configruation tool. We can change sound of the environment, precise setting of virtual desktop’s behavior, behavior during charging, fonts in applications, keyboard shortcuts and tens of other things. Anyway, we can manage extensions mentioned above in GNOME Tweak Tool. +
+ + +Where to look for further Information +This handbook exists to help you get started with Fedora. But, what can you do if you encounter a problem that you can’t quickly solve? A good rule of thumb is to remember that any problem you’re encountering has probably already been solve was probably solved by somebody else before you. Here is where to look for solutions: + + +ask.fedoraproject.org — the official Q&A forum with large user base and long history of solved problems. + + +fedoramagazine.org — articles from Fedora world. This also includes information about new applications and annoucements. + + +
+What to do if you encounter a bug +It is possible that you will encounter a bug. What then? Fedora uses Bugzilla, a bug tracker, provided by Red Hat. It is available online at bugzilla.redhat.com. Bugs are required to be reported in English. +There is a also a tool in Fedora called ABRT. ABRT allows anyone to report bugs or errors by just agreeing to share the details with the Fedora Project. Even if you don’t have time to contribute by fixing the bug, be sure to let us know about it by using ABRT. +
+
+Other Fedora Editions +Unline many other generic Linux operating systems, Fedora consists of 3 main editions. This guide describes the Workstation edition. There are also Server and Cloud Editions. The Server edition is designed for server uses and features applications like Cockpit which allows for easy remote management of servers through a web browser and the administration of server roles through Rolekit. The Cloud edition is a minimal version of Fedora optimized for deploying containers. There are multiple Fedora Cloud images opitimized for use in environments like OpenStack, VirtualBox and others. +
+
+Fedora Spins +Everything in this guide is about the default Fedora Workstation edition. This version uses GNOME 3 and the GNOME Shell. However, there are alternatives to GNOME. Fedora spins, which are alternative software builds of Fedora exist for other window managers. So, if you want to to use KDE Plasma Desktop, you’ll find a spin built image for that. Xfce? LXDE? We have prepared images for everything. +But we don’t have to stop with Fedora spins. Nowadays the ARM architecture is popular. It is the most used mobile platform and is a significant platform for development boards, such as the Banana Pi, BeagleBone, and the Raspberry Pi. There are images built to run on these kinds of systems too in the form of server versions or minimal install images. + +Getting Started with Fedora +Czech Language Authors: +Lukáš Kotek, et. al. +Czech Language Proofreading: +Květa Mrštíková and Jiří Kroupa +English Language Proofreading and Authors: +Brian Exelbierd +Typography and Layout: +Petr Čech +Cover Design: +Maria Leonova +First Edition Released in September 2015. +Released under CC BY-SA 3.0 +
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