From 03fc7e5e0e98d3271bcb9da0fedade9a5f84ec92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stuart D. Gathman Date: Aug 06 2020 23:38:16 +0000 Subject: Fix wordpress weirdness. --- diff --git a/abcmusic.md b/abcmusic.md index c7e5263..96ff267 100644 --- a/abcmusic.md +++ b/abcmusic.md @@ -17,14 +17,15 @@ for Jazz lead sheets and does full scores as well. Some GUI score editors can import/export ABC notation. I used [noteedit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoteEdit) for a GUI editor until it was abandoned upstream, but was able to export as ABC. -The [result](https://pagure.io/abcmusic/raw/master/s/se_tu.abc) is reasonably +The [result](https://pagure.io/abcmusic/raw/master/f/se_tu.abc) is reasonably human readable - letting me continue to edit in ABC notation, -and serving as an example of a more complete score. +and serving as an example of a more complete score. When you are done +with this lesson, you'll be able to turn it into a PDF! ## Ancient 4th Century Hymn -As a folk tune example, we will do a simple arrangement of a 4th century hymn, -from a medieval era tune. +For a folk tune example, we will do a simple arrangement of a 4th century hymn, +with a medieval era tune. "O Lux Beata Trinitas" is one of the twelve hymns which the Benedictine editors regarded as undoubtedly the work of [St. Ambrose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose). It is cited as by St. @@ -41,11 +42,11 @@ today. The medieval notation was updated in hymnals to [more modern notation](https://hymnary.org/tune/o_lux_beata_trinitas#media), This is our starting point. As reflected in those hymnals, there were no -measures or bar lines in the medieval period. +measures or bar lines in the medieval period. Here are the basics of ABC: -- Comments are lines beginning with `%`. +- Comments are lines beginning with '%'. - Notes beginning with "middle C" are entered as CDEFGABcdefgab. - Following a note with a number multiplies the timevalue by that number. - Notes that are next to each other are joined together whenever possible. @@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ Here are the basics of ABC: - The tune begins with X: 1, where 1 is the tune number. There can be multiple tunes in a file. Folk tunes are often collected into a file. For instance, we could collect all 12 known works of St. - Ambrose into a single file named `ambrose.abc`. + Ambrose into a single file named 'ambrose.abc'. - The title is given with T: - The composer or source is given with C: - The key (default is C major) is given with K: @@ -72,8 +73,8 @@ Here is a simple transcription of our tune into ABC: (GA) (AGFG) EFG (AB) (BA) A4 We are going to do our work in a terminal emulator. -Enter this with your favorite text editor (bonus points if that is cat) into a -file named `lux.abc`. +Enter the above with your favorite text editor (bonus points if that is cat) +into a file named 'lux.abc'. Or [download lux.abc](https://pagure.io/abcmusic/raw/master/f/lux.abc) with all the tunes for this lesson. To format and view this, we need ghostscript, xreader, and abcm2ps. @@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ I had you install make so a simple makefile can simplify rendering: abc2midi $*.abc -o $*.mid Enter or [download](https://pagure.io/abcmusic/raw/master/f/Makefile) that as -a file named `Makefile`. Now format and view our tune: +a file named 'Makefile'. Now format and view our tune: $ make lux.pdf $ xreader lux.pdf & @@ -106,8 +107,8 @@ If you are just reading this article, you can also view the output ## Adding Lyrics -Lyrics are entered with `w:` under the tune line they go with. Words -are hyphenated to show how the syllables go with the notes. Use `*` to +Lyrics are entered with 'w:' under the tune line they go with. Words +are hyphenated to show how the syllables go with the notes. Use '*' to use additional notes for the last syllable. Append tune 2 to the lux.abc file, it is the same tune with lyrics: @@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ Append tune 2 to the lux.abc file, it is the same tune with lyrics: (GA) (AGFG) EFG (AB) (BA) A4 w: in-* fun-*** de lu-men cor-*di-* bus. -Now `make lux.pdf` and see the results in your xreader window. +Now 'make lux.pdf' and see the results in your xreader window. Both tunes are rendered to the PDF. ## Adding Measures @@ -141,9 +142,9 @@ time signature for this tune. - `L: 1/8` specifies a default note length of 1/8 of a whole note. This was already the default, but now it is documented. - `Q: 1/4=80` specifies a suggested speed: 80 quarter notes per minute. -- Measures are separated by bar lines represented by `|`. -- There will be multiple verses, so `:|` adds a repeat bar line. -- A final bar line is `||', but we don't use it for this example. +- Measures are separated by bar lines represented by '|'. +- There will be multiple verses, so ':|' adds a repeat bar line. +- A final bar line is '||', but we don't use it for this example. - It is good practice for debugging to divide the lyrics into measures as well, and not rely on automatic distribution. - Note that additional spaces can be added for readability. @@ -169,19 +170,19 @@ Here is tune 3 with bar lines (appended to lux.abc): z(GA) (AGFG) | EFG (AB) (BA) | A3-A4 :| w:in-* fun-***| de lu-men cor-*di-*|bus. | -## Bass Line and Chords +## Bass Line, Chords, and Verses Now we begin the real departure in our interpretation. First, chords are added to assist in improvising from a "lead sheet". Then we add a suggested bass line. -- `V:1` and `V:2` switches between voices. +- `V:1` and `V:2` switch between voices. - Chords are entered in double quotes in the tune line, and are rendered above the following note. - Each comma after a note lowers it by an octave. - `C:` can also be used to document arranger and license. - Addition verses are added as additional lyric lines under a tune line. -- Verse numbers can be added by using `~` to join them to the next word +- Verse numbers can be added by using '~' to join them to the next word with a non-break space. Otherwise they would be counted as words. - `%%MIDI` these are magic comments that are used in the next section! @@ -250,11 +251,11 @@ Use timidity to play each file to your speakers: $ timidity lux1.mid -When you play `lux4.mid`, you will hear what the `%%MIDI` directives did. +When you play 'lux4.mid', you will hear what the '%%MIDI' directives did. You can read more about abc2midi and its directives [here](https://ifdo.ca/~seymour/runabc/abcguide/abc2midi_guide.html). You can also hear me [singing and playing piano](https://gathman.org/music/ogg/LUX%20MIX_1.ogg) from the lead sheet and totally butchering the Latin. -There is a lot more, but this has hopefully been a fun introduction! +There is a lot more to ABC, but this has hopefully been a fun introduction!